@@ -24,52 +24,56 @@ The `label` is optional, it defaults to `UNNAMED_BEAM`.
=== Particle Definition
The beam particle is defined by `PARTICLE` attribute, which includes a
direct assignment of the particle mass and charge, as indicated below.
For other type of particle beams, this attribute must not be used.
Instead, the particle beam is defined by means of the `MASS` and
`CHARGE` attributes specified by the user.
direct assignment of the particle mass and charge, as indicated below. The
mass values are taken from Atomic Mass Data Center <<bib.amdc>> and Kinetic
Database <<bib.kinetic_database>>. In the case of heavy ion beams, it is
important to note that a specific type of fully ionized isotope are considered.
The mass of the ions is calculated by subtracting the mass of the electrons and
the binding energy <<bib.nist_database>> from the atomic mass. For other type
of particle beams, this attribute must not be used. Instead, the particle beam
is defined by means of `MASS` and `CHARGE` attributes specified by the user.
PARTICLE:: The name of particles in the machine.
+
_OPAL_ knows the mass (see link:format#sec.format.symbolic-constants[Predefined Symbolic Constants])
and the charge for the following particles:
+
POSITRON;;
The particles are positrons (`MASS` = latexmath:[m_e],
`CHARGE` = 1).
ELECTRON;;
The particles are electrons (`MASS` = latexmath:[m_e],
`CHARGE` = -1).
The particles are electrons
(`MASS` = latexmath:[m_e], `CHARGE` = -1).
POSITRON;;
The particles are positrons
(`MASS` = latexmath:[m_e], `CHARGE` = +1).
MUON;;
The particles are of type muon
(`MASS` = latexmath:[m_\mu], `CHARGE` = -1).
PROTON;;
The particles are protons (default, `MASS` = latexmath:[m_p],
`CHARGE` = 1).
The particles are protons
(`MASS` = latexmath:[m_p], `CHARGE` = +1).
ANTIPROTON;;
The particles are anti-protons (`MASS` = latexmath:[m_p],
`CHARGE` = -1).
HMINUS;;
The particles are negative hydrogen ions (H-) (`MASS` = latexmath:[m_{hm}],
`CHARGE` = -1).
CARBON;;
The particles are carbons (`MASS` = latexmath:[m_c],
`CHARGE` = 6).
URANIUM;;
The particles are of type uranium (`MASS` = latexmath:[m_u],
`CHARGE` = 35).
MUON;;
The particles are of type muon (`MASS` = latexmath:[m_\mu],
`CHARGE` = -1).
The particles are anti-protons
(`MASS` = latexmath:[m_p], `CHARGE` = -1).
DEUTERON;;
The particles are of type deuteron (`MASS` = latexmath:[m_d],
`CHARGE` = 1).
XENON;;
The particles are of type xenon (`MASS` = latexmath:[m_{xe}],
`CHARGE` = 20).
The particles are of type deuteron
(`MASS` = latexmath:[m_d], `CHARGE` = +1).
HMINUS;;
The particles are negative hydrogen ions (latexmath:[H^-])
(`MASS` = latexmath:[m_{hm}], `CHARGE` = -1).
H2P;;
The particles are of type molecular hydrogen ions+
(`MASS` = latexmath:[m_{h2p}], `CHARGE` = 1).
The particles are molecular hydrogen ions (latexmath:[H_2^+])
(`MASS` = latexmath:[m_{h2p}], `CHARGE` = +1).
ALPHA;;
The particles are of alpha particles (`MASS` = latexmath:[m_{\alpha}],
`CHARGE` = 2).
The particles are of alpha particles
(`MASS` = latexmath:[m_{\alpha}], `CHARGE` = +2).
CARBON;;
The particles are fully-stripped carbon-12 ions
(`MASS` = latexmath:[m_c], `CHARGE` = +6).
XENON;;
The particles are fully-stripped xenon-129 ions
(`MASS` = latexmath:[m_{xe}], `CHARGE` = +54).
URANIUM;;
The particles are fully-stripped uranium-238 ions
(`MASS` = latexmath:[m_u], `CHARGE` = +92).
For other particle types one may enter:
...
...
@@ -107,4 +111,17 @@ NPART::
NSLICE::
The number of slices per bunch
[[sec.beam.bibliography]]
=== References
anchor:bib.amdc[[{counter:bib-cnt}\]]
<<bib.amdc>> M. Wang et al., https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf[_The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references_], Chinese Phys. C, 45, 030003 (2021). Atomic Mass Data Center, https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/[_Atomic Mass Evaluation - AME2020_].
anchor:bib.kinetic_database[[{counter:bib-cnt}\]]
<<bib.kinetic_database>> https://kida.astrochem-tools.org/[_Kinetic Database for Astrochemistry_].
