Opal maps

This MR will implement Map tracking for:

• Quadrupole
• Dipole
• Drifts
• Bends

TODO list:

• Code implementation (@ganz_p): ThickTracker, Hamiltonian, MapAnalyser
• Doxygen documentation (@ganz_p)
• Documentation (@ganz_p)
• Code cleaning (@frey_m)
• Regression tests (@snuverink_j)
• Examples (@ganz_p)
• Jupyter notebook (@ganz_p)
• Use beam line order

Remaining issues:

• Output dumps in local coordinates only
• Dipole until 1st order
• Tune calculation not stable
• Space charge calculations needs to be verified
• Fringe fields for Bends

src/Algorithms/Hamiltonian.cpp

@@ -129,6 +129,22 @@ Hamiltonian::series_t Hamiltonian::quadrupole(const double& gamma0,
 }
 
 
+Hamiltonian::series_t Hamiltonian::fringeField(const double& phi,
+                                               const double& k0)
+{
+    if ( truncOrder_m > 1 ) {
+        //TODO higher order thin lens approximation
+    }
+    // else
+    
+    double angle = phi;
+    if ( k0 < 0.0 )
+        angle = -phi;
+    
+    return -0.5 * (x * x - y * y) * k0 * std::tan(angle);
+}
+
+
 double Hamiltonian::getBeta_m(const double& gamma) {
     return std::sqrt(1.0 - 1.0 / (gamma * gamma) );
 }