1. Beam Command
All OPAL commands working on a beam require the setting of various
quantities related to this beam. These are entered by a BEAM command:
label:BEAM, PARTICLE=name, MASS=real, CHARGE=real,
ENERGY=real, PC=real, GAMMA=real, BCURRENT=real,
NPART=real, BUNCHED=logical, BFREQ=real;
The label is optional, it defaults to UNNAMED_BEAM. . The particle
mass and charge are defined by:
- PARTICLE
-
The name of particles in the machine.
OPAL knows the mass and the charge for the following particles:
- POSITRON
-
The particles are positrons (
MASS=m_e,CHARGE=1), - ELECTRON
-
The particles are electrons (
MASS=m_e,CHARGE=-1), - PROTON
-
The particles are protons (default,
MASS=m_p,CHARGE=1), - ANTIPROTON
-
The particles are anti-protons (
MASS=m_p,CHARGE=-1). - HMINUS
-
The particles are h- protons (
MASS=m_{h^{-}},CHARGE=-1). - CARBON
-
The particles are carbons (
MASS=m_c,CHARGE=12). - URANIUM
-
The particles are of type uranium (
MASS=m_u,CHARGE=35). - MUON
-
The particles are of type muon (
MASS=m_\mu,CHARGE=-1). - DEUTERON
-
The particles are of type deuteron (
MASS=m_d,CHARGE=1). - XENON
-
The particles are of type xenon (
MASS=m_{xe},CHARGE=20).
For other particle names one may enter:
- MASS
-
The particle mass in GeV.
- CHARGE
-
The particle charge expressed in elementary charges.
The other attributes are:
- BFREQ
-
The bunch frequency in MHz.
- BCURRENT
-
The bunch current in A.
\mathrm{BCURRENT} = Q \times \mathrm{BFREQ}withQthe total charge. - NPART
-
The number of macro particles for the simulations